The Environmental Impact of Hiking and How to Hike Responsibly

Hiking connects people to the natural world in a profound way, but as more people hit the trails, the collective impact of human activity on ecosystems can’t be ignored. Understanding how hiking affects wildlife, plants, and landscapes—and how to minimize that impact—ensures that our favorite wild places remain pristine for generations to come.

Trail Erosion and Soil Compaction

Popular trails, especially those in mountainous or wet environments, are vulnerable to soil erosion and compaction. Over time, thousands of footsteps can wear away topsoil, widen paths, and increase runoff, damaging fragile plant roots and altering water flow patterns. Hiking off-trail or creating shortcuts exacerbates this problem, leading to “trail braiding” and permanent scars on the landscape.

What you can do:Always stay on marked trails, even if they’re muddy or rough. Avoid walking on the edge of trails to prevent widening and never cut switchbacks. In wet or sensitive areas, consider hiking in smaller groups to reduce cumulative impact.

Wildlife Disturbance

The presence of humans can stress wildlife, causing them to flee, abandon nests or feeding grounds, or even become habituated to humans—a dangerous scenario for both animals and people. Feeding wildlife "just a little" can alter their natural behaviors and diets.

Responsible hiking means:Observing animals from a distance, never feeding wildlife, and respecting seasonal closures that protect habitats during breeding, nesting, or migration.

Litter and Pollution

Even “biodegradable” waste can linger for months or years, attract animals, or introduce toxins. Micro-litter, such as wrappers or plastic tabs, is especially harmful in remote ecosystems.

Be a steward:Pack out everything you pack in, including organic waste like orange peels or pistachio shells. Bring a small bag for trash, and pick up any litter you find along the way.

Impact on Vegetation

Trampling, picking flowers, or gathering plants from the wild can decimate slow-growing or rare species, hurt pollinator populations, and disrupt local ecosystems.

Show respect by:Not picking plants or wildflowers, and sticking to durable surfaces such as rocks or packed soil when stepping off trail to allow others to pass.

Human Waste Management

Improper disposal of human waste is a growing issue, especially in remote or high-traffic wilderness areas. It can pollute water sources and spread disease among both wildlife and humans.

Best practices include:Using toilets when provided, carrying a small trowel to dig a “cathole” at least 6 inches deep and 200 feet from water sources, or packing out waste with special kits where required.

Embracing Leave No Trace Principles

The most comprehensive guide for responsible hiking is the Leave No Trace (LNT) framework, which encourages principles like planning ahead, minimizing campfire impacts, respecting wildlife, and being considerate of other visitors.

By making small, intentional choices, hikers can become guardians of nature. Practicing responsible hiking not only preserves the environment but ensures that the magic of the outdoors can be shared and appreciated for years to come.